Evaluación económica y ambiental del uso y mantenimiento de edificios

Zusammenfassung

Due to poor design of buildings in terms of maintenance, there are a number of buildings today that remain extremely expensive to maintain, both economically and environmentally. In order to mitigate these overheads, the development of a cost database is needed with which the resources required to clean and maintain buildings can be estimated. This thesis presents a methodology to estimate these costs and the environmental impact, in terms of Ecological Footprint (EF), associated to the utility consumption, cleaning tasks and maintenance and renovation of constructive elements during the service life of buildings. Given the numerous peculiarities identified for this type of activity compared to the construction of buildings, it is necessary to define a new methodology of calculation, with its own assumptions and formulae. This methodology is the applied to the case of a college dormitory that houses up to 139 residents. The results show that cleaning tasks account for 7.24 % of the annual EF of the building (74.28 gha/yr), while maintenance accounts for 16.20 % and the remaining 76.56 % for utility consumption, which almost totally translates into carbon footprint. On the other hand, the economic costs are dominated by cleaning (64 %). Utility consumption and maintenance account for 20 % and 16 % respectively. Without taking into account the utility consumption, the results are equally divided among the six categories of productive land due to the great requirements of manpower for these activities. The development of this methodology is essential for the detailed quantification of the costs and environmental impact of the use and maintenance phase of buildings. Discount rates are used to express costs and environmental impact in terms of the current year.