Changes in soil microbial activity and physicochemical properties in agricultural soils in Eastern Spain

  1. Morugán-Coronado, Alicia
  2. García-Orenes, Fuensanta
  3. Cerdà, Artemi
Revista:
Spanish Journal of Soil Science: SJSS

ISSN: 2253-6574

Año de publicación: 2015

Volumen: 5

Número: 3

Páginas: 201-213

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2015.V5.N3.02 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Spanish Journal of Soil Science: SJSS

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

As práticas de gestão agrícola afetam intensamente as propriedades do solo. As comunidades microbianas, são os indicadores mais rápidos e sensíveis face a perturbações no uso do solo enquanto as atividades enzimáticas funcionam como excelentes indicadores biológicos da qualidade do solo face aos efeitos dessas práticas de gestão. A cultura de citrinos é frequentemente responsável pela degradação dos solos, pelo que este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar como as práticas de gestão agrícola num pomar de citrinos podem contribuir para melhorar a qualidade do solo e as propriedades microbiológicas do mesmo. O ensaio foi realizado num pomar de laranjeiras (Citrus Sinensis) situado na Estação Experimental de Alcoleja (Valencia, Espanha), em solos agrícolas argilo-limosos, onde de instalaram três talhões submetidos a três práticas agrícolas distintas. O primeiro talhão (H) recebeu fertilização mineral e foram aplicados herbicidas; o segundo talhão (P) foi submetido a uma lavoura contínua e a fertilização mineral; e, por último, o talhão (O) foi submetido a agricultura de produção orgânica. De cada talhão foram colhidas nove amostras de solo, para determinação de: parámetros fisicoquímicos, respiração basal, carbono da biomassa microbiana, índices microbianos (BSR/C, Cmic/C y BSR/Cmic) e atividades enzimáticas (urease, deshidrogenase, ß-glucosidase e fosfatase ácida). Os resultados revelaram diferenças significativas entre os diferentes tipos de práticas agrícolas para os índices microbianos e propriedades microbiológicas, já que estes estão altamente relacionados com o teor de materia orgánica do solo. Por otro lado, os talhões H e P apresentaram resultados similares para as ditas propriedades, enquanto que o talhão com agricultura de produção orgânica apresentou os valores mais altos para o conteúdo em matéria orgánica, agregação e atividade biológica do solo.

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