Estudio del emprendimiento femenino desde una perspectiva competencial en la ciudad de Lorca tras los terremotos de 2011

Abstract

The constant evolution or transformation of economic, social and cultural systems worldwide has a direct impact on the workplace, sphere that determines the role of people in society. The groups traditionally discriminated socially and, therefore, occupationally, are the ones that most suffer this instability. Among these groups, women's is perhaps the most disadvantaged, since all types of discrimination (discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, age, sexual orientation, ideology, etc.) can be combined in the person of women, in addition to the discrimination based on gender that she has historically suffered. Despite the equity reflected in the legislation of almost all developed countries, if the data of the main labor indicators for men and women are compared, the reality is that such equality is not effective. Given these circumstances, in recent decades entrepreneurship has acquired great relevance as a way to achieve equal employment and social integration for women. In this thesis, from a gender and competence perspective, the object of study has been the analysis of the situation of women in the labor market, female entrepreneurship and the skills necessary to carry it out successfully. The context in which the research is located is the municipality of Lorca in Murcia. Conjunctural issues, such as the natural catastrophes suffered in 2011 and 2012, make this town an ideal "laboratory" in which to analyze the entrepreneurial activity of the group under study and its potential as a means of labor and social integration. It is also a context in which to analyze the special difficulties that entrepreneurship poses and the challenges that women must face, for which competences are a fundamental asset. Along with these reasons, others of a structural nature, such as the proximity of the PhD student to the locality in which the research is carried out, as well as her involvement in the socioeconomic fabric of the area, have led to a decision in which academic and personal issues converge in the same interest: the improvement, through knowledge, of the socio-labor situation of women. To achieve the proposed objectives, a qualitative methodology has been used. The techniques used have been the in-depth interview and the Nominal Group Technique. Both constitute two powerful tools from which to identify, analyze and evaluate the discourse of the group under study. This methodological strategy aims to capture a discourse from which to build an objective and subjective map of the socioeconomic situation of women and their attitude and aptitude towards entrepreneurship. The results have determined that both the sociocultural context and the education received in the family environment are the two factors that most modulate the entrepreneurial initiative of women, facilitating or hindering the acquisition of certain skills in general and related to entrepreneurship in particular. It has also been found that attitudinal competences have more weight than aptitude with respect to entrepreneurship