Estudio del riesgo de los suelos contaminados con metales pesados para las infraestructuras de hormigón y valorización de dichos suelos mediante fabricación de morteros con aditivos calizosaplicación en la Bahía de Portman

Zusammenfassung

Abstract The strong growth experienced by countries worldwide over the past century, has generated strong competition for natural resources that have become unsustainable with the current land use. At a European level they are trying to avoid these stresses introduced into the production process of waste that can be valorized, applying policies that tend to find a balance between preventing the current pollution and recovering the past and are based on the principles of precaution, preventative action and correction of environmental damage, as well as on the principle "the polluter pays". The problem in soils contaminated by heavy metals in the region of Murcia is extensive and in some cases higher, reaching values well above background levels found in these areas. Among these sites are the sediments of the bay of Portman, which are a serious problem because of its magnitude and its strong environmental impact. Furthermore, inert waste of limestone filler from aggregate classification plants, have great potential for reuse acting as stabilizing soils contaminated with heavy metals, minimizing their mobility due to their ability to modify the pH and their complexing and adsorptive characteristics. The objectives that are trying to be achieved with this work is to study the effect of the contaminated soils of the bay of Portman, from mining waste, that can provoke in the concrete infrastructure with which they are in contact and propose a valuation technique that can intervene with the soil and limestone filler, according to the legislation on waste so that it can lengthen the life and consume less natural resources. To achive these objectives there were two experiments designed. In a first, the contaminated sediments and the limestone filler with an SR cement were used for the manufacture of mortars and then introduced into two aqueous areas, controlling the. In the second there were four possible scenarios contact infrastructures and contaminated concrete in the marine environment, with reducing and oxidizing conditions and periods of wet / dry sediments, then analyzing macroscopic, microscopic and mechanical properties of the concrete specimens . The mixture of cement, limestone filler and mining waste from the bay of Portman is ideal for the immobilization of heavy metals and the application of technologies of stabilization / solidification in the remediation of contaminated soils, and other alternatives constructive uses. Although during the period of study the mechanical properties of the concrete specimens have not been affected, the negative effects are evident that the proposed scenarios, under all static conditions, occur in the concrete, some of them even physical crumbling depending on the redox conditions.