Desafíos de la planificación territorial en el arco Mediterráneouna evaluación retrospectiva basada en el análisis SIG de los instrumentos de ordenación del territorio de la Región de Murcia

Abstract

The regions of the Mediterranean arc have been the areas of Europe with the highest degree of territorial transformation in recent decades, generating a very relevant land consumption for a varied catalog of anthropic activities. The dispersed growth of cities, the consolidation of mass tourism or the transformation of the peri-urban landscape by intensive agriculture are just some of the most common territorial expressions of what we have called the phenomenon of diffuse territorial anthropization that has transformed these regions. All these phenomena now join the different ones derived from new more complex problems such as climate change, new models of inhabiting urban space or the transformation of our society towards a service economy, demanding increasingly complex planning and territorial planning tools to regulate them. This research reflects on all these problems through the implementation of the different instruments of planning and territorial ordination at supramunicipal level in the Mediterranean arc. Based on the European projects OSDDT, Naturba, OtreMED and PaysMED Urban on territorial analysis in the Mediterranean arc in which it has participated, research has been carried out on the patterns of territorial transformation in the Region of Murcia in recent decades evaluating to what extent the territorial planning instruments developed have served to channel the challenges facing our Mediterranean society. From the analysis of the transformation of the soil through the use of GIS tools, a comprehensive methodological framework has been created to diagnose, analyze and evaluate the most relevant phenomena of your territorial transformation detected in the area of the Region of Murcia. This methodology has been applied by implementing indicators of diffuse territorial anthropization and its statistical correlation with several of the most relevant phenomena in the Mediterranean regions to the functional unit that comprises the study area that combines the metropolitan area of the city of Murcia, the field of Cartagena and the Mar Menor. In addition, the foundations have been laid to parameterize the impact of these phenomena of territorial character in the field of landscape, a matter that is usually approached from a rather qualitative approach and that in this research a more objectifiable numerical perspective is proposed. The results obtained show that it is not only necessary to continue with the implementation of new strategies and instruments of territorial planning of an over municipal nature, but it is necessary to improve and update the existing ones in order to face the current drift of the consequences of the socalled phenomenon of diffuse territorial anthropization.